Maintaining your Legal Status

Table of Contents

MAINTAINING STATUS

What are the requirements for maintaining student status?

Once you arrive in the U.S., it’s your responsibility to follow the rules of your F-1 or J-1 visa. These rules are set by U.S. immigration regulations and are important for keeping your SEVIS record active and your stay lawful.

To maintain your status, you must:

  • Enroll full-time each required semester (12 credits for undergraduates, 9 for graduates (or what is required as full-time by your graduate program) unless you are approved for Reduced Course Load. Remember that only one online course can be counted toward these totals

  • Make normal program toward completing your degree

  • Keep your immigration documents valid (passport, visa, I-20/DS-2019).

  • Report address changes to your DSO/ARO within 10 days

  • Report changes of major to your DSO/ARO within 10 days

  • Get required authorization before working 

  • Follow your school’s rules and academic policies.

IMPORTANT: Maintaining status is one of the most important responsibilities you have as an international student. If you’re ever unsure, check with your DSO/ARO before making changes to your studies, work, or personal situation.

Reference: Student in the States: Maintaining Status for F-1 Students (U.S. Department of Homeland Security)

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Do I need to report address changes?

Yes. You must report any U.S. address change to your international office within 10 days so it can be updated in SEVIS. Check with your international office to determine the process of updating your address. 

Important reminders:

  • Report your physical U.S. residential address (not a P.O. box or department office).

  • If you move during breaks or while on OPT/Academic Training, you must still report your new address.

  • Failure to update your address on time could put your immigration status at risk.

References:

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What immigration documents should I always carry?

As an international student, you are expected to be able to show proof of your legal status in the U.S. at any time. Keeping your documents accessible helps protect you if you are ever asked to verify your status.

You should always carry:

  • Passport identity page

  • I-94 arrival record (available on this webpage)

  • Form I-20 (F-1) or Form DS-2019 (J-1)

NOTE:

  • For daily life in your U.S. city or state, carrying copies is usually enough. Keep your originals stored safely at home.

  • Save digital images of your documents on your phone or in secure cloud storage so you can access them quickly if needed.

  • When traveling outside your local area (or especially outside the U.S.) always carry the original documents with you.

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Can I work while studying in the U.S.?

Yes, you have options to work while studying in the U.S., but there are limitations. 

Both F-1 and J-1 students are permitted to work on campus, but the authorization process differs between visa types. Off-campus employment opportunities require additional specific authorization. 

For more details, see "Working While in School.”

IMPORTANT: Working without authorization is a serious violation of your visa status and can result in the termination of your SEVIS record. Be sure you understand your obligations and obtain proper authorization before starting any employment.

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What are the most common reasons for a SEVIS record to be terminated by a DSO?

Your SEVIS record is your official record of student status in the U.S. If it is terminated, you may lose your lawful status and may have to leave the country. Termination of the record is not common, and usually happens only when students do not follow immigration requirements.

Common reasons for SEVIS termination include:

  • Dropping below full-time enrollment without prior authorization

  • Failure to enroll in classes

  • Failure to request an extension

  • Academic or disciplinary suspension

  • Working without proper authorization

  • Allowing your immigration documents (passport, Form I-20, Form DS-2019, etc.) to expire

  • Failing to make normal academic progress or withdrawing without authorization

IMPORTANT: To protect your status and avoid having your SEVIS record terminated:

  • Stay in close contact with your international office and know who your DSO/ARO is.

  • Read and respond to all communications from your international office, especially those related to immigration.

  • If you are struggling academically, medically, or financially, talk to your DSO/ARO before making changes. Many issues can be resolved if addressed early.

Reference: U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Fact Sheet: Student Termination Reasons Available in SEVIS to DSOs

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F-1 STUDENT VISAS

How do I transfer my F-1 SEVIS record to another school?

Transferring your SEVIS record to another school is possible, as long as you meet certain requirements and follow the right steps.

You can transfer your record if:

  • You are currently maintaining F-1 status and your SEVIS record is Active.

  • You have been admitted to a new school that is SEVP-certified to enroll F-1 students.

  • You qualify for a new I-20 from your new school.

  • The transfer is completed properly in SEVIS within the required deadlines. 

Here’s what you’ll need to do to move your SEVIS record to a new school:

  • Complete the transfer-out process with your current school. Some schools may require you to finish the current term before they release your record. 

  • The process will include providing the admission letter, the new school’s SEVIS school code, and the DSO’s contact information, along with your current immigration documents.

  • If you’ve finished your program or OPT, your transfer must be completed within the 60-day grace period.

  • Work with your new school to set a SEVIS release date. Until then, keep attending classes and maintaining your F-1 status. Once the release date passes, your old school loses access to your record, and any classes or work there must stop.

  • If you travel outside the U.S., time it carefully. 

    • Reenter before the release date: Use your transfer-out school’s I-20.

    • Reenter after the release date: Use your transfer-in school’s I-20.

NOTE: 

  • Confirm travel plans with your DSO to ensure you have the correct I-20 for reentry.

  • Start at your new school’s next available term, no later than five months after finishing at your old school.

    • Exception: If the next term is summer (annual vacation), you may wait until the following term if you’ve already completed a full academic year and can still start within 5 months.

  • Complete your new school’s I-20 request and check in within 15 days of the start date on your new I-20. After check-in, your new school will register your SEVIS record as Active. Ask for a “continued attendance” I-20 if it’s not automatically issued.

Reference: 8 CFR 214.2(f)(8)(ii) F-1 Transfer Procedure (Code of Federal Regulations)

IMPORTANT: 

  • Talk with both schools before choosing your SEVIS release date. That date determines when your current school’s access ends and when you must stop any employment tied to them.

  • Remember that transferring your SEVIS record is separate from transferring your academic credits. Check with your new school about credit transfers, orientation requirements, and other academic details.

Transferring your record when it has been terminated is different from a regular transfer, and you’ll need to work closely with your DSOs at both your current and your future school. It also may be advisable to speak with an immigration lawyer to figure out the best path as there are many factors to consider.

Here are the main options:

  • Reinstatement with your current school. Apply for reinstatement and, if approved by USCIS, transfer your record afterward.

  • Reinstatement with a new school. Ask your current DSO to transfer the terminated record to your new school, then apply for reinstatement there.

  • Start fresh. Leave the U.S. and reenter with an Initial I-20 from your new school to begin a new F-1 status

Reference: Immigration and Customs Enforcement Transfer and Reinstatement Rules

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When can I take a reduced course load (RCL) in F-1 status?

As an F-1 student, you are generally required to be enrolled full-time during the fall and spring semesters. That typically means:

  • 12 credit hours for undergraduates

  • 9 credit hours for graduate students (or what constitutes full-time by your academic program - confirm with your DSO). 

Don’t worry! You have some options if you need to be enrolled less than full-time, as long as you follow the proper steps and get approval from your DSO before dropping any classes. You may qualify for what’s called a Reduced Course Load (RCL), if you fall into any of these categories:

  • Academic difficulties (such as adjusting to English or U.S. classroom expectations – typically only allowed in your first semester)

  • Medical reasons, backed by medical documentation you must provide to your school from a licensed medical doctor, doctor of osteopathy, psychologist, or clinical psychologist

    • Note: A reduced course load (RCL) based on medical reasons must be renewed each academic term and can only be approved for a total of 12 months (i.e., one year) per degree level.

  • Final semester of study, when you only need a few credits to graduate

In any of these cases, the key is to talk with your DSO first. They will review your situation and let you know if it qualifies for an RCL. If you drop below full-time without approval, it counts as a violation of your F-1 status and can lead to serious consequences, including losing your legal status and needing to apply for reinstatement or leave the U.S. to start a new program with a new SEVIS record.

Remember, you’re not alone if you’re facing challenges. Many students need support at some point, and there are systems in place to help. Reach out early to your DSO, academic advisor, or campus support offices so you understand your options. Taking the right steps up front will protect your status and give you the time you need to succeed.

References:

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How do I extend my F-1 program?

If you need more time to finish your degree, you can request a program extension. Don’t wait until the last minute. You should apply as early as possible before the end date listed on your current I-20. If your I-20 expires before the extension is approved, it can have serious consequences for your F-1 status.

NOTE: The I-20 end date is not the same as the expiration date on your visa stamp. The visa stamp only affects travel to the U.S., while the I-20 end date controls your F-1 status while you are in the U.S.

What you’ll need for an extension:

  • Proof of funding: You must show you can cover tuition and living costs for the extended period. Your DSO will tell you what financial documents are acceptable.

  • Valid reason for the delay: Extensions are only approved for compelling academic or medical reasons. Some examples include:

    • Change of major or research topic

    • Unexpected research problems

    • Documented illness

NOTE: Delays caused only by academic probation or suspension are not acceptable reasons for program extension.

  • Academic Advisor support: Work with your academic or faculty advisor to confirm how many courses you still need and your new graduation date.

Stay in close contact with your DSO during this process. They’ll guide you through the forms and help make sure your extension is completed on time.

NOTE: 

  • Needing more time is common, and program extensions are designed to support you, as long as you plan ahead and follow the right steps. 

IMPORTANT:

  • If you’re moving on to another degree level (for example, bachelor’s to master’s), that’s a different process. You’ll need to file a “change of education level” request with your DSO instead of a program extension.

  • Once approved, you’ll receive a new I-20. Print, sign, and keep it with your immigration documents.

  • After an extension, you must stay full-time in the next semester unless it’s your final term and you only need a few credits to graduate.

  • See the Recent Updates page for information on a proposed new rule that may affect the answer to this FAQ. 

References: 

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Can I withdraw or take a leave of absence without losing status?

Yes, you can withdraw or take a leave of absence, but you must follow the proper steps with both your academic program and your international office. If you do, your SEVIS record can be closed with what’s called an Authorized Early Withdrawal (AEW), which protects your F-1 status.

Withdrawing from your program

  • Complete your university’s withdrawal process and submit any required forms.

  • Work with your DSO so they can update your SEVIS record as an AEW.

  • Once approved, you’ll have 15 days from the termination date to leave the U.S.

  • If you plan to return later, you will need a new I-20, repay the SEVIS fee, and possibly get a new visa stamp.

Taking a leave of absence

  • Follow your academic program’s leave of absence process and notify your international office.

  • In most cases, your SEVIS record will be terminated for AEW, and you’ll need to leave the U.S. within 15 days.

  • If you are outside the U.S. for less than 5 months, your DSO may request a SEVIS reactivation. If approved, you can return to the U.S. on the same SEVIS number. Wait for your DSO’s final approval and updated I-20 before traveling.

  • If you are outside the U.S. for more than 5 months (or if reactivation is denied), your DSO must issue you a new I-20 with a new SEVIS number. You will also need to repay the SEVIS fee and possibly apply for a new visa stamp. Keep in mind, when you reenter on a new SEVIS record, you must complete a full academic year before being eligible for CPT or OPT.

Talk with your DSO before making any decision about withdrawing or taking a leave. They’ll help you understand your options and the immigration steps you need to take.

IMPORTANT:

  • You only qualify for the 15-day grace period if you coordinate your withdrawal or leave with your DSO. If you leave without informing them, your SEVIS record will be terminated as unauthorized, which can negatively affect your ability to return.

  • Always confirm your academic program’s rules about how long a leave can last and what paperwork is required to resume your studies.

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J-1 STUDENT VISAS

How do I transfer my J-1 SEVIS record to another school?

Transferring your SEVIS record to another school is possible, if you meet certain requirements and follow the right steps. While this process moves your DS-2019 SEVIS record between schools, it does not transfer your academic credits — that’s a separate process you’ll work out with your new school.

You can transfer your record if:

  • You are maintaining J-1 status with a DS-2019 end date in the future.

  • You have been admitted to a new school that is authorized to enroll J-1 students.

  • Your academic objective stays the same as when you first came to the U.S. (for example, finishing your degree).

  • Your J-1 category remains the same (e.g., College/University Student).

  • The transfer is completed properly in SEVIS within the required deadlines.

  • Your program continues to meet at least one of the U.S. Department of State’s eligibility rules for J-1 students — such as government funding, an exchange agreement between institutions, or substantial funding from sources other than personal or family funds. Your new sponsor will confirm this before approving the transfer.

  • Your current sponsor must approve the transfer, your new sponsor must agree to assume sponsorship, and your academic objectives must remain substantially similar. Transfers are not possible if you want to change to a completely different field of study.

Here’s what you’ll need to do:

  • Complete the transfer-out process with your current international office. Some schools may require you to finish the current term before they release your record. 

  • You will need to provide your admission letter, the new school’s J-1 program code, the RO or ARO’s contact information, and your current immigration documents.

  • Work with your new and current school to set a SEVIS release date. Until then, keep attending classes and maintaining your J-1 status. On the release date, your old school loses access to your record, and any classes or work there must stop.

  • The start date on your new DS-2019 must directly follow the end date on your current one. If you are on Academic Training, choose a release date on or after your last day of authorized work (AT ends automatically on the release date).

  • If you travel outside the U.S., time it carefully:

    • Reenter before the release date: Use your transfer-out school’s DS-2019.

    • Reenter after the release date: Use your transfer-in school’s DS-2019.

IMPORTANT: Always confirm your travel plans with your RO/ARO so you have the correct DS-2019 for re-entry.

  • Start at your new school’s next available term, no later than 5 months after finishing at your old school.

    • Exception: If the next term is summer (annual vacation), you may wait until the following term if you’ve already completed a full academic year and can still start within 5 months.

  • Complete your new school’s DS-2019 request, attend orientation if required, and check in within 30 days of the program start date listed on your new DS-2019. After you check in, your new school will validate your SEVIS record.

NOTE: Stay in close touch with both schools while planning your transfer. The release date determines when your current school’s authorization ends (including Academic Training) and when your new school can issue your DS-2019.

IMPORTANT:

  • A transfer does not erase the Two-Year Home Country Physical Presence Requirement. If you were subject before, you remain subject after.

  • J-1 transfers are meant to help you finish the same educational objective you started. Changing your field of study usually requires special approval from the U.S. Department of State.

  • Some moves between degree levels (for example, from non-degree to degree, or doctorate to master’s) are not allowed and may require special approval from the Department of State. These changes are rarely granted.

  • Students in other J categories (like Research Scholar or Specialist) cannot transfer into the J-1 student category without Department of State approval.

  • Clear communication is key. Your current and new schools must coordinate the transfer, so start the conversation early.

Reference: 22 CFR 62.42 J-1 Transfer of Program (Code of Federal Regulations)

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When can I take a reduced course load (RCL) in J-1 status?

As a J-1 student, you are generally required to maintain a full course of study during the fall and spring semesters. Your school defines what counts as “full-time,” so check with your international office to confirm. That typically means:

  • 12 credit hours for undergraduates

  • 9 credit hours for graduate students (or what constitutes full-time by your academic program). 

There are certain situations where you may be able to take fewer classes, as long as you get approval from your Responsible Officer (RO) or Alternate Responsible Officer (ARO) before dropping below full-time. These exceptions are called reduced course load (RCL) authorizations and may apply if you fall into one of these categories:

  • Vacation term: You may take less than a full course load during an official school break or summer vacation if you plan to enroll full-time the following term.

  • Medical reasons: You may be approved to reduce or interrupt your studies if a physician recommends it for a documented illness or medical condition. You must provide medical documentation to your RO/ARO.

  • Academic reasons: If your academic dean or advisor recommends it for a valid academic reason, you may qualify.

  • Final term: If you only need a few credits to finish your program, you may register for less than full-time during your last semester.

Needing an RCL is not uncommon. Whether it’s health-related, academic, or because you’re in your last term, there are systems in place to support you. You just need to go through the proper steps first.

IMPORTANT: Always talk with your RO/ARO before making changes to your schedule. Dropping below full-time without authorization is considered a violation of J-1 status and can have serious immigration consequences.

Reference: 22 CFR 62.23(e) Full course of study requirement (Code of Federal Regulations)

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Can I extend my J-1 program?

If you need more time to finish your degree or complete your original program objective, you can request a program extension. Don’t wait until the last minute. You should apply as soon as possible before the end date listed on your current DS-2019. If your DS-2019 expires before the extension is approved, it can have serious consequences for your J-1 status.

NOTE: The DS-2019 end date is not the same as the expiration date on your J-1 visa stamp. The visa stamp only affects your ability to enter the U.S., while the DS-2019 end date controls your J-1 status while you are in the U.S.

What you’ll need for an extension:

  • Proof of funding: You must show you can cover tuition and living costs for the extended period. Your RO/ARO will tell you what financial documents are acceptable.

  • Valid reason for the delay: Extensions are only approved for compelling academic or medical reasons, consistent with your original J-1 program objective. Examples include:

    • Change in research topic or unexpected research problems

    • Documented illness

    • Note: Delays caused only by academic probation do not qualify.

  • Advisor support: Work with your academic or faculty advisor to confirm how many courses or requirements you still need and your new expected completion date.

Stay in close contact with your RO/ARO during this process. They’ll guide you through the forms and help make sure your extension is completed on time.

IMPORTANT:

  • Extensions are for continuing the same J-1 program objective. If you want to pursue a different degree or field of study, you will generally need U.S. Department of State approval, which is rarely granted.

  • Once approved, you’ll receive a new DS-2019. Print, sign, and keep it with your immigration documents.

  • After an extension, you must stay full-time in the next semester unless it’s your final term and you only need a few credits to graduate.

  • If you are subject to the two-year home residency requirement, this rule will still apply at the end of your program, even if you extend your DS-2019.

  • Some moves between degree levels (for example, from non-degree to degree, or doctorate to master’s) are not allowed and may require special approval from the Department of State. These changes are rarely granted.

  • As a J-1 student, you are required by the U.S. Department of State to maintain valid health insurance for the entire program, including any extensions. Your school may already provide an insurance policy that meets these requirements but check with your international office to be sure. 

  • See the Recent Updates page for information on a proposed new rule that may affect the answer to this FAQ. 

References: 

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Can I withdraw or take a leave of absence from my J-1 academic program without losing status?

Yes, you may withdraw or take a leave of absence, but you must work closely with your program sponsor (the office or organization that issued your DS-2019) to get approval. If your DS-2019 was issued by your university, you’ll contact the international office there. If it was issued by an outside sponsor (such as Fulbright, IIE, etc.), you must work directly with them.

Withdrawing from your program

  • Complete your school’s withdrawal process and submit any required forms.

  • Contact your RO/ARO so they can update your SEVIS record.

  • Important note: If you are a student in a sponsored program (i.e., Fulbright), only your sponsoring organization's Responsible Officer (RO) or Alternate Responsible Officer (ARO) can update your SEVIS record

  • Once your record is shortened or ended with sponsor approval, you have 30 days from your DS-2019 end date to leave the U.S.

  • If you plan to return later, you will need a new DS-2019, and you may need to repay the SEVIS fee and obtain a new J-1 visa stamp before reentering.

Taking a leave of absence

  • Follow your school’s leave of absence process and notify your sponsor.

  • Your sponsor must authorize the interruption of your program in SEVIS. Without their approval, your status could be considered a violation.

  • If your sponsor agrees, you will need to leave the U.S. during your leave. When you are ready to return, your sponsor will decide whether they can reactivate your existing SEVIS record or if you must be issued a new DS-2019 with a new SEVIS number.

  • If you are given a new SEVIS record, you’ll need to repay the SEVIS fee, and may need a new visa stamp.

NOTE: Contact your RO/ARO or sponsor before making any decision about withdrawing or taking a leave of absence. They will help you understand your options and what steps you need to take to protect your J-1 status.

IMPORTANT:

  • You only qualify for the grace period if your withdrawal or leave is coordinated with your sponsor. If you leave without informing them, your SEVIS record may be terminated as unauthorized, which can make it difficult to return.

  • Sponsors have discretion, some may allow reactivation, while others may require a completely new D-2019.

  • Always confirm your school’s policies on how long a leave can last and what paperwork is needed to resume your studies.

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Can I change my J-1 program sponsor?

See also "Section 11.1: How do I transfer my J-1 SEVIS record to another school?" in this FAQ guide.

In most cases, yes, but how it works depends on who your current sponsor is, as well as your program objective, your sponsor’s approval, and careful coordination between the old and new sponsors.

  • University-issued DS-2019: If your DS-2019 was issued by your university and you transfer to another school, your program sponsor will change. This is the standard J-1 transfer process. The transfer is allowed as long as your program objective and category stay the same (for example, J-1 student to J-1 student), and both schools coordinate the SEVIS record release.

  • Third-party sponsor (e.g., Fulbright, IIE, LASPAU): If your DS-2019 was issued by a third-party sponsor, you may sometimes be approved to transfer to a university sponsor, but the decision rests with your current sponsor and the U.S. Department of State. These transfers are possible only in limited circumstances and can take weeks or even months for approval.

Special note for Fulbright students: Fulbright sponsorship is unique. Extensions or transfers are possible, but require multiple approvals (from IIE, the U.S. Department of State, your home country Fulbright office, and your host institution). Transfers from Fulbright to a university sponsor must be fully funded by non-Fulbright sources and typically mean giving up Fulbright benefits such as ASPE health coverage, enrichment activities, and the return travel ticket. Always consult your IIE advisor and your home country Fulbright office before requesting an extension or transfer.

NOTE: Talk with your current sponsor (RO/ARO or third-party organization) before making any decisions. They can confirm whether your situation can be handled as a transfer or if it would require a completely new program (either J-1 or another nonimmigrant visa, such as F-1).

IMPORTANT:

  • The transfer must be completed before the end date on your current DS-2019. Once you are in your 30-day grace period, a transfer is not possible.

  • There cannot be a gap in time. Your new DS-2019 start date must immediately follow the end date of your old one.

  • If your SEVIS ID changes because you start a new program, your current J-1 visa stamp will no longer be valid, even if unexpired, and you’ll need to apply for a new one at a U.S. embassy or consulate the next time you travel outside the U.S.

  • Your program must continue to meet at least one of the U.S. Department of State’s J-1 eligibility rules, such as government funding, an exchange agreement between institutions, or substantial funding from sources other than personal or family funds.

  • A sponsor change does not remove the two-year home residency requirement if it applied before.

  • If you are transferring from a U.S. government-funded program (program code starting with “G”), you will need to pay the I-901 SEVIS fee again before applying for a new visa.

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U.S. immigration regulations are rapidly changing. Immigration rules can change quickly, and what is accurate today may not be true tomorrow. This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For specific immigration questions or complex situations, consult with a qualified immigration attorney.