Student Visas Overview
Guide
A plain-language overview of U.S. student visas, including how the F-1, J-1, and M-1 categories differ, the application process at a glance, and how to maintain your status once you arrive.
Written by Robin-Catmur Smith, Managing Director of the International Student Resource Center
Last updated: July, 2026
An Overview of U.S. Student Visas
Types of U.S. student visas
F-1 visa — the most common student visa, for full-time study at an accredited U.S. college, university, or language program.
J-1 visa — for exchange visitors, including students, scholars, and professionals in an approved exchange program.
M-1 visa — for students in vocational or non-academic programs.
Steps in the U.S. Student Visa Application Process
Apply to and gain acceptance from a U.S. SEVP-certified school.
Receive your Form I-20 (F-1/M-1) or Form DS-2019 (J-1).
Pay the I-901 SEVIS fee.
Complete the DS-160 visa application and schedule your visa interview.
Attend the interview with your documents (passport, I-20/DS-2019, proof of finances, transcripts, test scores).
If approved, your passport is stamped so you can enter the U.S. (Citizens of Canada and Bermuda don’t need a visa interview or stamp but still need the I-20 or DS-2019.)
Maintaining Your Status
Once you’re in the United States, you must maintain legal immigration status by:
Staying enrolled full-time
Reporting academic and/or address changes to your international student office
Working only within your visa’s limits
Tracking your visa and program dates